Geonim

Moreover, many sages thought that this might involve actual compulsion, beating the husband with sticks until he agreed to give the get (Ozar ha-Geonim le-Ketubbot, Benjamin M. Lewin edition, 191 – 192).

Halakhic Decisions on Family Matters in Medieval Jewish Society. 2009

David Grossman and Solomon B. Goitein pointed to the influence of the Moslem surroundings on the Geonim and later on during the Golden Period of Spanish Jewry in Moslem Spain.

Wifebeating in Jewish Tradition. 2009

Jerusalem: 2001; Halevi, H.S. “Family Life in Israel in the Time of the Geonim” (Hebrew).

Learned Women in Traditional Jewish Society. 2009

Two are from Babylon from the period of the Geonim, four are from Germany, two from France and two from Spain.

Halakhic Decisions on Family Matters in Medieval Jewish Society. 2009

It was cited for the first time by the Geonim, yet was not universally accepted until the fourteenth century.

Observance of Mitzvot: Custom and Halakhah. 2009

We also have the testimony of the master himself, but in his words we hear of a Baraita, not a Baraita de-Niddah, which he claims to have seen in writings of the Geonim, those rabbis active in Babylonia (current day Iraq) from the seventh to the eleventh centuries c.e. About five decades later we hear again of a similar title from Moses ben Nahman, known as Ramban or Nahmanides (1194 – 1270).

Baraita de-Niddah. 2009

The responsa of the Geonim did nothing to change the norms limiting education for girls.

Learned Women in Traditional Jewish Society. 2009

The Geonim were leaders of the Babylonian academies who began to send out rulings to Jews throughout the Middle East and eventually west into the developing communities of Europe.

Learned Women in Traditional Jewish Society. 2009

Jerusalem: 1985; Idem, Babylonian Jewry from the Period of the Geonim until Today (Hebrew).

Iraqi Jewish Women. 2009

He then traces the history of philosophical thinking in Jewish mediæval literature from the time of the Geonim, and tells us that the little that is found of the Kalam concerning the Unity of God and related topics in the works of some of the Geonim and the Karaites in the East is borrowed from the Mutakallimun of the Mohammedans and constitutes a small fraction of the writings of the latter on this subject.

A History of Mediaeval Jewish Philosophy Isaac Husik 1907