Paradigmatic

However, one exception to Syncope which I call Paradigmatic Strengthening now seems to account for why *o/*e alternates in paradigms.

Enticed by a drunken thought 2008

Paradigmatic of most post-colonial states, modern Indian rulers maintain social control and political authority over the communities they rule by often resorting to coercive internal state security methods including despotic authoritarianism, secret police, and state surveillance.

Radovan Karadzic's website and blog 2008

Paradigmatic examples include Newton's unification of terrestrial and celestial theories of motion and Maxwell's unification of electricity and magnetism.

Scientific Explanation Woodward, James 2009

The same processes should have caused Paradigmatic Strengthening in *all roots*, including the root in the word for "father".

Enticed by a drunken thought 2008

I already have common examples like the genitive-declined form *pedós 'of the foot' which contrasts with nominative *pōds showing *o/*e ablaut alternation that can be attributed to the change of unsyncopated unaccented MIE *a in the root to early Late IE (eLIE) *e in order to avoid making declension too obscure with overly erratic root vowel deletions in the paradigm of a noun (i.e. the Paradigmatic Resistance exception of Syncope).

Archive 2008-05-01 2008

MIE genitive *akwása becomes ʔə'kwasᵊ after Reduction because the first unstressed *a in the MIE form fails to shorten to ultra-short schwa due to Paradigmatic Strengthening which avoids illegal initial clusters in weak stems.

Sporadic phonetic changes in the Indo-European case system 2008

Without Paradigmatic Strengthening as an exception to Reduction, the result would have been an eLIE stem with a strong stem *ʔékwa- yet a weak stem **ʔkwá- with an ugly CCC- onset.

Sporadic phonetic changes in the Indo-European case system 2008

Also, what do you think was the root vowel for "foot" before Syncope and Paradigmatic Strengthening?

Enticed by a drunken thought 2008

Paradigmatic Strengthening also explains the origin of PIE's *pód-/*ped- alternation which likewise was not reduced to *pód-/*pd- in its paradigm.

Sporadic phonetic changes in the Indo-European case system 2008

I already have common examples like the genitive-declined form *pedós 'of the foot' which contrasts with nominative *pōds showing *o/*e ablaut alternation that can be attributed to the change of unsyncopated unaccented MIE *a in the root to early Late IE (eLIE) *e in order to avoid making declension too obscure with overly erratic root vowel deletions in the paradigm of a noun (i.e. the Paradigmatic Resistance exception of Syncope).

Rethinking the reduplicated perfect in Indo-European 2008