ice-jam

• “Mile a dark speck appeared for a moment against the white background of an ice-jam, he cast an anxious eye at the sun.”

  THE MAN WITH THE GASH

• “Then they topped an ice-jam and struck a smooth stretch below, where were a number of relay camps and where the snow was packed widely.”

  THE RACE FOR NUMBER ONE

• “But midway they encountered an ice-jam which took an hour of heavy work to cross.”

  Chapter IV

• “North, the bite of the frost, all that he had achieved and suffered -- the long, unending weeks of trail, the bleak tundra shore of Point Barrow, the smashing ice-jam of the Yukon, the battles with animals and men, the lean-dragged days of famine, the long months of stinging hell among the mosquitoes of the”

  Chapter III

• “Accumulated winter precipitation also determines the magnitude of the spring runoff, which controls the severity of breakup and associated ice-jam flooding.”

  River and lake ice in the Arctic

• “A critical hydrologic feature of these systems is the occurrence of ice jams and associated ice-jam floods, both of which are paramount in the maintenance of delta ecosystems [35].”

  Freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic

• “Hence, projected decreases in the frequency and intensity of ice-jam flooding under future climate scenarios would probably cause decreases in the re-flooding of perched basins, negatively affecting muskrat populations in years with low water levels.”

  Impacts on aquatic birds and mammals in the Arctic

• “Thorpe [4] found that in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada, years with observed spring ice-jam flooding (and associated reflooding of perched basins) had high success in local trapping of muskrats.”

  Impacts on aquatic birds and mammals in the Arctic

• “The projection and prevention of ice-jam flooding warrant further study.”

  Coastal environment and infrastructure in the Arctic

• “In contrast, however, reductions in the frequency and severity of ice-jam flooding would have a serious impact on river ecology since the physical disturbances associated with breakup scouring and flooding are very important to nutrient and organic matter dynamics, spring water chemistry, and the abundance and diversity of river biota [9].”

  Effects of climate change on general hydro-ecology in the Arctic

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