material fact

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun law A fact essential to make a case or a defense, or the absence of which negates a case or defense.
• noun law, real estate law A fact that might alter a person's decision to buy a property or change the terms and price a buyer is willing to accept.
• noun law, insurance law A fact that might alter an insurer's decision to agree to provide insurance to a person or alter the terms and conditions or the rate of premium on a policy.