Duhem

(This is called the Duhem-Quine thesis, after the philosophers and historians of science that first stated it.)

Balkinization 2007

The first concept of significance to emerge from this was that of impetus, which has been seen by historians of medieval science, such as Duhem, as a forerunner of the modern concept of inertia.

Dictionary of the History of Ideas WILLIAM A. WALLACE 1968

Rather than actually finding out, his criticism seem to be cribbed from Gilson and Duhem.

Genesis 1: A Cosmogenesis? | by Fr. Stanley L. Jaki 2009

As Duhem once said, Galileo was right for all the wrong reasons while his opponents were wrong for all the right reasons.

February 15th, 2009 m_francis 2009

So it seems that Duhem was right to suggest not only that hypotheses must be tested as a group or a collection, but also that it is by no means a foregone conclusion which member of such a collection should be abandoned or revised in response to a failed empirical test or false implication.

Underdetermination of Scientific Theory Stanford, Kyle 2009

Duhem supports this claim with examples from physical theory, including one designed to illustrate a celebrated further consequence he draws from it.

Underdetermination of Scientific Theory Stanford, Kyle 2009

In The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory, Duhem formulated various problems of scientific underdetermination in an especially perspicuous and compelling way, although he himself argued that these problems posed serious challenges only to our efforts to confirm theories in physics.

Underdetermination of Scientific Theory Stanford, Kyle 2009

But neither Duhem nor Quine was careful to systematically distinguish a number of fundamentally distinct lines of thinking about underdetermination that may be discerned in their works.

Underdetermination of Scientific Theory Stanford, Kyle 2009

Duhem argues that this is far from a refutation of the hypothesis of emission: in fact, what the experiment declares stained with error is the whole group of propositions accepted by Newton, and after him by Laplace and Biot, that is, the whole theory from which we deduce the relation between the index of refraction and the velocity of light in various media.

Underdetermination of Scientific Theory Stanford, Kyle 2009

Holist underdetermination ensures, Duhem argues, that there cannot be any such thing as a

Underdetermination of Scientific Theory Stanford, Kyle 2009