Ghaznavid

The Pathan label appeared in colonial records as early as 1784 when it was formally introduced in colonial discourse as having indigenous origins in the Ghaznavid and Ghorid period.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

In general terms, the word Afghan comes into use through Persian texts beginning roughly one thousand years ago, circa 1000 CE, in geographical treatises and Ghaznavid historiography. 12 The Ghaznavids set into motion a millennium of migrations from the Hindu Kush mountains to the Hindustan plains that were motivated by commercial opportunities and state-building activities entailed in Islamization processes.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

In the past, governments have also shown themselves remarkably effective at ending the regional reign of an unwanted language, as when the British replaced Persian with English as the official language of India in the mid-19th century, ending an elite status that had continued interrupted since the Ghaznavid empire reached Peshawar in 1001.

Back to Babel Graeme Wood 2010

The Afghan and Oddiyana Buddhists probably followed the Abbasid and Ghaznavid lead in identifying the Ismaili Shiite Fatimids, expanding their empire under the banner of a Mahdi, as the main threat at that time to social stability.

The Kalachakra Presentation of the Prophets of the Non-Indic Invaders (Full Analysis) 2006

Taranatha, however, did not even mention the invasion of India by the Ghaznavid Turks in the early eleventh century CE – which would have been closer to when the Kalachakra teachings appeared in India – let alone refer to the Ghaznavids as “tu-ru-shka.”

The Kalachakra Presentation of the Prophets of the Non-Indic Invaders (Full Analysis) 2006

His son-in-law, Sebuktegin (r. 976-997), founded there the autonomous Ghaznavid Dynasty (976-1186), paying allegiance only to the Abbasid court.

The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire ��� 14 The Founding of the First Two Turkic Islamic States 2006

Then, in alliance with a local Hindu ruler, the Ghuri leader overthrew the Ghaznavid

The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire ��� 20 The Ghurid Campaigns on the Indian Subcontinent 2006

Ismaili Multan kingdom in northern Sindh, which had regained independence from Ghaznavid rule.

The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire ��� 20 The Ghurid Campaigns on the Indian Subcontinent 2006

The final Ghaznavid attacks against the Hindu Shahis and Kashmir were both launched from Multan.

The Kalachakra Presentation of the Prophets of the Non-Indic Invaders (Abridged Analysis) 2006

At this point, the Abbasids, joined by their Ghaznavid vassals, were surrounded to the east and west by their Fatimid rivals.

The Kalachakra Presentation of the Prophets of the Non-Indic Invaders (Full Analysis) 2006