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Examples
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Saharan species include the trees Acacia tortilis raddiana on sandy substrates, A. ehrenbergiana on stony and clay soils and a few stands of Hyphaene thebaica in rocky wadis.
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Tree species within this forest include pod mahogany Afzelia quanzensis, ebony Diospyros mespiliformis, strangler fig Ficus aurea, Cape fig Ficus capensis, ivory palm Hyphaene ventricosa, Transvaal red milkwood Mimusops zeyheri, African olive Olea africana, wild date palm Phoenix reclinata, water pear Syzygium guineense and Natal forest mahogany Trichilia emetica. 70 shrub and 150 herbaceous species are recorded for this rare local habitat.
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Two main vegetation types dominate the reserve: the sector north of the Ruaha-Rufiji rivers (17%) is mainly open wooded grassland underlain by poorly drained alkaline sandy clay dominated by the flat-topped tagalala Terminalia spinosa and dotted with doum palm Hyphaene thebaica, with swamps along the rivers covered by tracts of borassus palm woodland Borassus aethiopium.
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Grassland types include hydrophilous grassland on sandy riverine soils dominated by Acroceras macrum and Ischaemum arcuatum; high-lying grasslands on sand, a diverse fire-subclimax community, palm-veld with Hyphaene coriacea and Phoenix reclinata, another fire-subclimax community; Echinochloa floodplain grassland; and low-lying grasslands on clay.
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The shore of Lake Turkana is mostly rocky or sandy with little aquatic vegetation, and around the lake there are grassy plains on which yellow spear grass and doum palms (Hyphaene thebaica) predominate.
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The Hyphaene palms to the west of the pans are nesting sites for, among others, the greater kestrel (Falco rupicoloides) and the palm-nut vulture (Gypohierax angolensis).
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Open woodlands include mixed Acacia/broad-leaved woodland (Hyphaene coriacea and Ziziphus mucronata) and mixed Acacia woodland (Acacia nigrescens, A. gerrardii, A. tortilis, A. nilotica) which provide grazing and browsing for herbivores.
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Acacia tortilis, and other acacia species predominate along with A. elatior, desert date Balanites aegyptiaca and doum palm Hyphaene coriacea in sparse gallery woodlands.
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The humid valleys and guelta banks have Sudanian riverine vegetation: Tamarix gallica, and some Ficus sycomorus, Acacia nilotica, Salvadora persica and Hyphaene thebaica.
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These grasslands have few trees, except to the west where Hyphaene palms fringe the drainage lines, extending north to Nxai Pan.
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