L1

And yes, de Cock says that avoidance is a key strategy esp for those who lack phrasal verbs in L1 (eg Spanish, French she says) while others who do have them (eg Dutch, German) do not seem to avoid them.

P is for Phrasal Verb « An A-Z of ELT 2010

Also a EM L1 is not critical to access to the lunar surface.

Dennis Wingo - Why Space? Why Now? - NASA Watch 2009

For example, in my context of Argentina (where the L1 is Castellano), the very typical erroneous production of verbs following modals with the ‘to infinitive’ is, I think, overgeneralization/carelessness by the teacher not specifying bare infinitive for the form.

E is for Error « An A-Z of ELT 2010

Sometimes, learners needs must be expressed in L1 since the TL is not yet mastered.

T is for Translation « An A-Z of ELT 2010

True Interplanetary craft which will be built in the Earth-Moon L1 from a combination of Earth and lunar materials.

"Moon = Stupid": Its The Same Tired Rhetoric From Bob Zubrin - NASA Watch 2009

In the latter case learners often prefer to speak in L1 or say nothing at all rather than risk misrepresenting themselves and this often perplexes teachers.

R is for Reticence « An A-Z of ELT 2010

Lyon's Argentinian forward Lisandro Lopez reacts after his team's 2-1 loss to Montpellier in French L1 football match at Gerland stadium in Lyon.

Bangkokpost.com : Breaking News 2009

Level I or 'L1' - Specialist public order training reserved for specific units, see TSG

Dickiebo 2010

Level I or 'L1' - Specialist public order training reserved for specific units, see TSG

Dickiebo 2010

Level I or 'L1' - Specialist public order training reserved for specific units, see TSG

Dickiebo dickiebo 2010