Lepidopyga

Although endemism is not a characteristic of aquatic birds, sapphire-bellied hummingbird (Lepidopyga lilliae) has been reported as endemic to the mangrove forests of this ecoregion and is seriously at risk of extinction and Colombian bronzed cowbird (Molothrus armenti) has been reported as vulnerable.

Magdalena-Santa Marta mangroves 2008

Most of the animals to be found in mangroves also appear elsewhere in other coastal ecosystems, and even in areas hundreds of kilometers from the coastal area, as in the case of the scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber), although some endemics have been recorded, such as the Trochilidae birds (Lepidopyga lilliae and Amazilia tzacatl) the latter being responsible for the pollination of Pelliciera in Colombia.

Coastal Venezuelan mangroves 2008