Definitions
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Etymologies
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Examples
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One is an antibody that blocks a particular protein called PD-1 on the surface of pancreatic cancer, meaning chemotherapies would be more effective because there would be an enhanced immune response against the tumor.
CNN.com 2011
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MDX-1106 binds PD-1, a protein presented on immune cells and inhibit their function.
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Targeting PD-1 should result in fewer side effects based on the observation that mice without CTLA-4 die within several weeks whereas mice that do not express PD-1 present relatively mild symptoms.
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Another property that distinguishes PD-1 from CTLA-4 is the presence of its cognate ligands on cancer cells.
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However, there are several theoretical advantages in targeting PD-1 over CTLA-4.
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CT-011 and MDX-1106 are the only PD-1 antibodies in the clinic and are currently being evaluated in phase II studies.
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Another property that distinguishes PD-1 from CTLA-4 is the presence of its cognate ligands on cancer cells.
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MDX-1106 binds PD-1, a protein presented on immune cells and inhibit their function.
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In contrast to MDX-1106, CT-011 was not rationally developed as a PD-1 antibody and its actual target has been identified only several years ago.
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PD-1 is similar to CTLA-4 in its inhibitory effect on the immune system, and can thus be viewed as another potential checkpoint to be blocked.
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