Raths

Their meeting-places are said to be the "Raths," which are singular artificial mounds, supposed to have been built by the Danes, away back in the heathen ages.

Stories and Legends of Travel and History, for Children Grace Greenwood 1863

Mâmallapuram known as Raths (see Fergusson, _Indian and Eastern

Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 Charles Eliot 1896

Note 66: Louis E. Raths and Frank N. Trager, "Public Opinion and Crossfire," Journal of Educational Sociology 21 (1948): 345 – 368. back

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007

Trager and Raths, "Public Opinion and Crossfire" (PDF)

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007

"With great sincerity," Raths offered to "cooperate, without charge, in any interesting and worthwhile studies of ... the AJC," and agreed to revise the study according to the guidelines suggested by the AJC's Scientific Research Department.

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007

Trager and Raths assumed that by this method they would "secur [e] evidence concerning the influence of the movie in bringing about a change in attitude."

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007

Drawing on the audience research conducted by Trager and Raths, as well as RKO's own screenings for preview audiences, Schary provided a statistical breakdown of the results to show that objective science could also be marshalled in the film's defense: The mail we've received, and the preview cards totalling some 2,200 individual opinions, are about 93% enthusiastic and approving.

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007

In early October, Dr. Marie Jahoda and Dr. Seider Chein convened a meeting with Dr. Raths to confront him with the methodological flaws in his study.

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007

One, given to adult audiences in Boston and Denver, used standard lobby response cards, while the other used a special before-and-after questionnaire developed by Trager and Raths; this one was given to a group of high-school students in Hamilton, Ohio, chosen as a "typical Middletown city."

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007

From this evidence, Trager and Raths concluded that Crossfire might help to "release" the intolerance of audience members. 63 An alternative conclusion, however, is that Monty's example of virulent, murderous anti-Semitism radically skewed the very definition of anti-Semitism for the high-school audiences, so that what had previously seemed to be anti-Semitic attitudes among their friends now appeared comparatively more acceptable. 64

Caught in the Crossfire: Adrian Scott and the Politics of Americanism in 1940s Hollywood 2007