Definitions
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Etymologies
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Examples
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We suggest this because the proto-Rufiji-Ruvuma-descended languages (proto-Rufiji-Ruvuma is a linguistic sibling of PNECB) spoken along the lower Rufiji River and to its south in the coastal hinterland attests word transfers whose etymologies are rooted in Ruvu history.
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The Njombe appear to form the center of an areal distribution of this word that also extends south into the Ngoni language of the Rufiji-Ruvuma branch of Kaskazi. back
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Most probably this is a second-millennium-era loanword into Lugulu from another Kaskazi subgroup, perhaps Rufiji-Ruvuma. 110
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Ruvu speakers living in proximity to them and probably intermingling with them were the apparent donors of those lexical items into Rufiji-Ruvuma languages.
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It was this idea that then spread with Kati and Rufiji-Ruvuma language descendents into central and southern Tanzania.
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Also, * - lala adj. "old" in Rufiji-Ruvuma subgroup. back
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Among the speech communities outside of Northeast-Coastal who are familiar with these pots are the Kisi, Hehe, and Sonjo of the Njombe subgroup and Matumbi, Mwera, Yao, and Ruihi of Rufiji-Ruvuma, the two most southerly Kaskazi language branches.
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It is suggestive, similar to word borrowings discussed in the previous chapter, of additional word transfers between Makua and proposed Southern Ruvu speakers who may have lived in areas adjacent to Rufiji-Ruvuma language communities some time after the seventh century CE. 102
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Additionally, it identified "medicine" across the Kilombero and Rufiji-Ruvuma languages.
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Up through present times, * Mulungu is used widely by extant Kati and Rufiji-Ruvuma speakers.
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