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Examples

  • Sproull was the bard of Cripple Creek, Colorado in the 1890s.

    The Emigrant's Child 1996

  • Although struggles over organization charts can be emotional Emmerich, 1971: 129–30; Sproull, Weiner, and Wolf, 1978: 160, most observers agree on the limited success of reorganization in achieving manifest instrumental goals.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • Announcing a major reorganization symbolizes the possibilty of effective leadership, and the belief in that possibility may be of greater significance than the execution of it Fain, 1977: xxiii; Sproull, Weiner, and Wolf, 1978.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • It is likely to be composed of several old agencies with well-defined programs and constituencies; it begins with a broad and imprecise mandate; there are conflicting views about the nature of the agency; and its structure has to be worked out Sproull, Weiner, and Wolf, 1978; Redford and Blissett, 1981: 13, 30.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • Although struggles over organization charts can be emotional Emmerich, 1971: 129–30; Sproull, Weiner, and Wolf, 1978: 160, most observers agree on the limited success of reorganization in achieving manifest instrumental goals.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • Announcing a major reorganization symbolizes the possibilty of effective leadership, and the belief in that possibility may be of greater significance than the execution of it Fain, 1977: xxiii; Sproull, Weiner, and Wolf, 1978.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • It is likely to be composed of several old agencies with well-defined programs and constituencies; it begins with a broad and imprecise mandate; there are conflicting views about the nature of the agency; and its structure has to be worked out Sproull, Weiner, and Wolf, 1978; Redford and Blissett, 1981: 13, 30.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • Within such a system, concepts of efficiency, optimality, or equilibrium are elusive March and Sproull, 1989.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • For example, an organization of evangelists becomes a gym with services attached (Zald, 1970); a social movement becomes a commercial establishment (Messinger, 1955; Sills, 1957); a radical rock radio station becomes an almost respectable part of a large corporation (Krieger, 1979); and a new governmental agency becomes an old one (Selznick, 1949; Sproull, Weiner, and Wolf, 1978).

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

  • Suppose individuals in politics develop their interpretations of events in a way broadly consistent with standard hypotheses of cognitive and affective consistency Einhorn and Hogarth, 1981; Kiesler and Sproull, 1982; Pitz and Sachs, 1984.

    Rediscovering Institutions JAMES G. MARCH 1989

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