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Examples
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Last century, many valuable timber species formed extensive jungles of tremendous tree size, but today are almost extirpated, among them were Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela odorata, Caesalpinia ebenum, Cariniana pyriformis, Tabebuia chrysantha, Bombacopsis sp.,
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Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) are also found here.
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Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is commercially extinct.
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Rare or threatened trees in the area include jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), and Dicypellium caryophyllatum, a timber tree whose bark contains a pleasant-smelling essential oil.
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Agricultural expansion into the southern and western sides of the Reserve by small farmers and cattle ranchers is reducing the forests which are also being massively logged for precious woods such as caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) which threaten the World Heritage values for which the Reserve was inscribed.
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Important timber trees growing in the reserve include Swietenia macrophylla, Callopyllum brasiliense, Carapa guianensis, Cedrela odorata, Tabebuia rosea and Virola koschnyi.
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Characteristic or common trees at lower elevations are, amongst others: Swietenia macrophylla, Apeiba membranacea, Bursera simaruba, Carapa guianensis, Casearia arborea, Cedrela odorata, Eugenia sp.,
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Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is found in the Upper Capim and Guamá Rivers.
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In the higher mountain forest, the dominant trees are mahogany Swietenia macrophylla, Tabebuia spp., cedar Cedrela odorata, Bursera simaruba and Clusia salviniie.
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The southern and western zones are also subject to the uncontrolled extraction of precious woods such as mahogany Swietenia macrophyla, Liquidambar styraciflua and palm Roystonea donlapiana. 25% of the southern end of the Reserve was said to have been deforested by 1992 and COHDEFOR itself lost credibility when locals were penalized for cutting trees but powerful logging interests were permitted a sawmill within the reserve.
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