T'ieh

Seeming paradoxes3 in the Yen T'ieh Lun where the men of letters, the ju, oppose trade, and the Secretary, Sang Hung-yang, advocates

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Certain passages in the Yen T'ieh Lun parallel in style or content the

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Asterisks (*, **, ***), following the Yen T'ieh Lun references, designate various degrees of discrepancy between the citations and present-day texts.

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It was at this point that in the early Han reigns the "Confucianists", represented by the Literati of the Yen T'ieh Lun, and the legalist statesmen, such as Sang Hung-yang, diverged.

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The earliest printed editions of the Yen T'ieh Lun, of which there is record, are the two noted in the bibliography of editions of works issued in the Sung and Yüan dynasties, entitled Sung Yüan pên shu-mu hsing-ko-piao.

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Yen T'ieh Lun contains no less than thirty-three direct quotations.

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The various editors are discussed under "Editions of the Yen T'ieh Lun" in the Introduction.

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Such are the two outstanding personalities of the age, Sang Hung-yang,3 the Lord Grand Secretary of the Yen T'ieh Lun, and Ho

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A study of the composition of the Yen T'ieh Lun discloses a valuable deposit of material2 indicative of the literary resources available to the Chinese writer of the first century before the

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One of the leading editors and commentators of the late Manchu period, Wang Hsien-ch'ien,4 observes in his edition of the Yen T'ieh

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