T-helper

It examines how many disease-fighting white blood cells, known as T-helper cells, remain in the blood.

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Although HIV can build homes in several types of cells, it usually attacks a specific type of white blood cell, called T-helper cells, whose function is to help the body fight off infection.

No Place Left to Bury the Dead Nicole Itano 2007

In mice injected with cancer cells, it has slowed the development of tumors and increased the activity of such immune system cells as so-called natural killer and T-helper cells.

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For years immune cells called T-helper (Th) cells were assumed to come in just two types - Th1 cells, which help evict viruses and bacteria from their host cells, and Th2 cells, primed to fight parasites and bacteria in blood and other body fluids as well as taking on allergens.

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But when John O'Shea, Bill Paul and Keji Zhao of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues studied all four types of T-helper cells from mice, they found hints that these cells could switch roles or phenotypes in response to environmental cues.

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Healthy people have CD4 counts of above 500, meaning that for every cubic millimeter of blood an individual has at least 500 T-helper cells.

No Place Left to Bury the Dead Nicole Itano 2007

The only caveat is that the viruses are not free-living but hide inside various types of cells, including immune cells, mainly T-helper cells specifically CD4+ cells and according to recent and not so recent studies, the virus also hides and replicates in cytotoxic T-cells or CD8+ cells.

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They are usually assisted in their task by CD4+ lymphocytes, which are, appropriately, also known as T-helper cells.

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Irradiation of the thymus, spleen, and major lymph node groups done repeatedly has a longlasting immunosuppressive effect, notably, a decline in CD4 T-helper cells, which has a profound effect on the immune system.

THE LUPUS HANDBOOK FOR WOMEN ROBIN DIBNER 1994

In some studies, researchers have targeted the CD4 lymphocyte T-helper cell, which is believed to be involved in promoting B-cell overactivity in lupus.

THE LUPUS HANDBOOK FOR WOMEN ROBIN DIBNER 1994