Definitions
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
- noun biochemistry The addition of an
aminoacyl group to a compound, especially as part of the process of synthesizingproteins viaaminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Etymologies
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Examples
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Assuming that the partition into two mechanisms of tRNA aminoacylation is a relic that dates back to the invention of the genetic code in the RNA World, a model for the assignment of amino acids in the codon table can be derived.
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Assuming that the partition into two mechanisms of tRNA aminoacylation is a relic that dates back to the invention of the genetic code in the RNA World, a model for the assignment of amino acids in the codon table can be derived.
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The catalytic importance of the A76 2'-OH group in aminoacylation mirrors a similar role for this moiety that has recently been demonstrated during peptidyl transfer on the ribosome.
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Here, an asymmetric pattern typical of differentiation is uncovered in the partition of the codon repertoire, as defined by the mechanism of aminoacylation of each corresponding tRNA.
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Each aaRS belongs to either one of only two classes with two different mechanisms of aminoacylation, making use of either the 2′OH (Class I) or the 3′OH (Class II) of the terminal A76 of the tRNA and approaching the tRNA either from the minor groove (2′OH) or the major groove (3′OH).
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In extant biological systems, the aminoacylation of tRNA is catalyzed by protein enzymes.
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In contemporary biology the connection between the RNA world and proteins is made by the aminoacylation of transfer RNAs.
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The idea of t-RNA acting as a ribozyme has been repeatedly put forward, but mainly for self-aminoacylation.
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Background tRNase Z is the endonuclease that is responsible for the 3'-end processing of tRNA precursors, a process essential for tRNA 3'-CCA addition and subsequent tRNA aminoacylation.
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We have reported recently that: (1) ribozymic precursors of the synthetases seem to have used the same two sterically mirror modes of tRNA recognition, (2) having these two modes might have helped in preventing erroneous aminoacylation of ancestral tRNAs with complementary anticodons, yet (3) the risk of confusion for the presumably earliest pairs of complementarily encoded amino acids had little to do with anticodons.
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