cDNAs

Many human genome scientists opposed the policy of granting gene patents without knowledge of function, whether for ESTs and cDNAs or complete gene sequences.

The Human Genome Project Gannett, Lisa 2008

Patents are granted on cloned genes because they are isolated and purified versions of their naturally occurring state; patents are granted on cDNAs because they are not found in nature (without intervening introns) but produced using RNA molecules and the enzyme reverse transcriptase; and patents are granted on proteins, even if they occur naturally, when genetically engineered on the basis of DNA or RNA sequence data.

The Human Genome Project Gannett, Lisa 2008

Controversy about patenting genes was provoked over the course of the HGP when researchers at the NIH and elsewhere applied for patents on ESTs (expressed sequence tags) for cDNAs without having mapped and sequenced the relevant genes, and without any knowledge of gene function.

The Human Genome Project Gannett, Lisa 2008

A few microorganisms purified protein are sufficient to decipher the sequence, prepare the corresponding cDNAs, identify the gene of the PGF in question, and express it in bacteria, thus replacing a search once guided by unpredictable strokes of luck, with a rational and systematic strategy.

Nobel Lecture The Nerve Growth Factor: Thirty-Five Years Later 1986

B, left panel, agarose gel electrophoresis of cDNAs generated from single GFP+ and GFP − cells.

PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles Samir Koirala et al. 2010

Since RT-PCR analysis of single-cell cDNAs from Purkinje cells showed that Gpr126 was absent in these neurons (data not shown), the pattern of

PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles Samir Koirala et al. 2010

RNA was isolated by the Trizol RNA isolation system (Invitrogen). cDNA was synthesized from RNA with oligo-dT and SuperScript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). cDNAs were used for PCR amplification with the forward primer,

PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles Tzu-Ching Chang et al. 2010

Seventy-four of the single cell cDNAs showed robust expression of

PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles Samir Koirala et al. 2010

The reverse transcription was performed in limiting conditions of nucleotides and time in order to generate cDNAs of uniform size (~0. 5 to 1 kb), which are more likely to be uniformly amplified and to accurately reflect the relative abundances of various mRNAs in the cell.

PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles Samir Koirala et al. 2010

To test whether Cdc2 phosphorylation of raptor might change the association of various components of mTORC1, epitope tagged cDNAs of the components of mTORC1 were expressed in HEK293E cells with or without nocodazole.

PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles Dana M. Gwinn et al. 2010