columnwise

It transposes the matrix; c makes it into a vector columnwise which is why you need to transform it first; freq=12 shows the ts that it’s monthly.

Waldo "Slices Salami" « Climate Audit 2007

The first two columnwise are in Argentina, Q is in Brazil, the next 3 in Chile and the last is again South Georgia.

Waldo: South America « Climate Audit 2007

In the case where only one TPC is used in the reconstruction, we have from (11): where cor (U[,1],Y) is the columnwise correlation of the PC1 U[,1] with the standardized proxies Y.

MBH Calibration-Estimation Procedure « Climate Audit 2006

At the far end of the room, statistics in red inch-high type ran columnwise down the wall's length.

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In the one-dimensional case with standardized Y, being the vector of columnwise correlations of to , the first temperature PC, and ||.|| denoting the standard deviation I use this notation from linear algebra since s.d. behaves rather like a linear algebra norm in this context, this reduces to:

More on Bürger et al 2006 « Climate Audit 2006

à = cor (u,Y), the vector of columnwise correlation coefficients, then I derived the reconstructed temperature PC1 as follows (before re-scaling):

MBH and Partial Least Squares « Climate Audit 2006

In the one-dimensional case where Y has been standardized to a s.d. of 1, I had said that, if is the vector equivalent of G which is here, u is the vector for the single temperature PC and is the columnwise correlation of Y to u, then applying where ||.|| denotes here the standard deviation which was the expression that I had derived previously.

MBH and Partial Least Squares « Climate Audit 2006

since R is orthogonal where is the columnwise covariance of the each site chronology to the target temperature.

Regression and Varimax Rotation « Climate Audit 2007