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Examples
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Transepithelial reabsorption of amino acids occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule, as does that of organic acids, such as lactate and acetate, and of sulphate and phosphate anions by cotransport with Na+.
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Whilst the luminal fluid in the descending limb becomes increasingly hyperosmotic down the length of the limb, the fluid in the ascending limb becomes increasingly hypotonic, as sodium, potassium and chloride are being removed with the aid of the Na+ / K+-2Cl - cotransport system in the apical membrane.
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Na+-K+ ATPase at the basolateral membrane maintains a low concentration of sodium cations within the epithelial cells, thus establishing the concentration gradient for sodium ions necessary for the functioning of the cotransport system.
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Na+-K+ ATPase at the basolateral membrane maintains a low concentration of sodium cations within the epithelial cells, thus establishing the concentration gradient for sodium ions necessary for the functioning of the cotransport system.
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Whilst the luminal fluid in the descending limb becomes increasingly hyperosmotic down the length of the limb, the fluid in the ascending limb becomes increasingly hypotonic, as sodium, potassium and chloride are being removed with the aid of the Na+ / K+-2Cl - cotransport system in the apical membrane.
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The apical membrane of epithelial cells in the thick segment of the ascending limb contains a Na+ / K+-2Cl - cotransport system, which involves the transport of sodium, potassium and chloride ions across the membrane in a 1: 1: 2 molar ratio.
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Na+-K+ ATPase at the basolateral membrane maintains a low concentration of sodium cations within the epithelial cells, thus establishing the concentration gradient for sodium ions necessary for the functioning of the cotransport system.
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Transepithelial reabsorption of amino acids occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule, as does that of organic acids, such as lactate and acetate, and of sulphate and phosphate anions by cotransport with Na+.
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Whilst the luminal fluid in the descending limb becomes increasingly hyperosmotic down the length of the limb, the fluid in the ascending limb becomes increasingly hypotonic, as sodium, potassium and chloride are being removed with the aid of the Na+ / K+-2Cl - cotransport system in the apical membrane.
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