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Examples
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The major formation is subtropical wet forest, rich in lianes and epiphytes.
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Large numbers of epiphytes and lianes form an important element in the lower horizons including Platycerium spp.,
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These communities, while extraordinarily variable, are characterized by the occurrence of rattans or palm lianes, strangler figs, frequently conspicuous epiphytes and variable amounts of ferns, walking stick palms, and fleshy herbs.
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In ravines and gallery forests species indicative of a south Guinean climate are present, with lianes very abundant, and species such as Raphia sudanica, Baissea multiflora, Nauclea latifolia, Dalbergia saxatilis, and Landolphia dulcis.
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The most favorable circumstances produce tall, triple-canopied rain forest, in which the trees are festooned with epiphytes and lianes, while the patches found at higher altitudes and under poorer conditions are shorter and less developed in structure, and compositionally less diverse.
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It differs from tropical and subtropical rain forests in the low number of dominant tree species, the absence of lianes, the relative lack of epiphytes apart from moss and lichen, the total absence of typical rain forest morphological adaptations, such as drip tip leaves, stem-flowering and buttressing, and in the small leaves of its dominant species.
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Dominant trees include Aningeria and Olea, often draped with lianes and epiphytes.
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These semi-evergreen humid forests are of Guineo-Congolian affinity and are thought to be impoverished outliers of Congolian rain forest with tall macrophyll or mesophyll canopy trees, extensive growth of epiphytes and lianes and many fruiting species.
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The peak development of rainforests in the region is as low altitude complex mesophyll vine forests on wet fertile alluvial and basaltic soils where plank buttressing is common, robust woody lianes, vascular epiphytes and palms are typical, and fleshy herbs with wide leaves (e.g. gingers and aroids) are prominent.
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And yet it was easy for the sailors to ascend; so many natural ropes had kind Nature lowered for their use, in the smooth lianes which hung to the very earth, often without a knot or leaf.
Westward Ho! 2007
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