photospheric

Vast ridges and crests of incandescent vapour are upheaved by the action of internal heat, which exceeds in intensity the temperature at which the most refractory of terrestrial substances can be volatilised; and downrushes of the same photospheric matter take place after it has parted with some of its stores of thermal energy.

The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' Thomas Nathaniel Orchard

When a sun-spot has completed its period of existence, the photospheric matter overwhelms the penumbra, and rushes into the umbra, which it obliterates, causing the spot to disappear.

The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' Thomas Nathaniel Orchard

They have been compared to immense waves -- vast upheavals of photospheric matter, indicative of enormous pressure, and often extending in length for many thousands of miles.

The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' Thomas Nathaniel Orchard

His peculiar mode of rotation; the level of sunspots; the constitution of the photospheric cloud-shell, its relation to faculae which rise from it, and to the surmounting vaporous strata; the nature of the prominences; the alternations of coronal types; the affinities of the zodiacal light -- all await investigation.

Marvels of Modern Science Paul Severing

Yet it was but the burned-out sweepings of the outermost photospheric layers of this giant sun, and the radioactive atoms that made a sun active were not here; it was a cold planet.

Invaders from the Infinite John Wood Campbell 1940

We have already mentioned that the spots are generally accompanied by faculæ and eruptive prominences in their immediate neighbourhood, but whether these eruptions are caused by the downfall of the vapour which makes the photospheric matter "splash up" in the vicinity, or whether the eruptions come first, and by diminishing the upward pressure from below form a "sink," into which overlying cooler vapour descends, are problems as to which opinions are still much divided.

The Story of the Heavens 1876

It is indeed tolerably certain that no such combinations as those contemplated by Faye occur at the photospheric level, since the temperature there must be enormously higher than would be needed to reduce all metallic earths and oxides; but molecular changes of some kind, dependent perhaps in part upon electrical conditions, in part upon the effects of radiation into space, most likely replace them.

A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition 1874

Stoney in 1867 [441] that the photospheric clouds are composed of carbon-particles precipitated from their mounting vapour just where the temperature is lowered by expansion and radiation to the boiling-point of that substance.

A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition 1874

Centigrade as the lowest _internal_ temperature by which they could be accounted for; although admitting the photospheric condensations to be incompatible with a higher _external_ temperature than 50,000° to

A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition 1874

Spots near the equator indeed complete their rounds in a period shorter by at least half a day; and proportionate differences were found to exist elsewhere in corresponding latitudes; but Dunér's observations, it must be remembered, apply to a distinct part of the complex solar machine from the disturbed photospheric surface.

A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century Fourth Edition 1874