shoulder pad

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun Either of a pair of protective pads worn over the shoulders, usually attached to each other as a unit and extending over the upper back and chest, in contact sports, such as football and hockey.
• noun Either of a pair of padded inserts worn under or fitted into a garment to make the shoulders look broader or straighter.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun a type of padding sometimes used in clothing to give the wearer the illusion of less sloping shoulders.
• noun a piece of protective equipment used in American and Canadian football.

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

• noun protective garment consisting of a hard rounded pad worn by football players to protect their shoulders