spinulation

Lower salinity cannot be the cause of greater spinulation in this case, and thus it might be suggested that the condition was due to lower temperature.

Hormones and Heredity J. T. Cunningham 1897

It would seem that the development of this character is dependent on the hormone from the mature testis, and in order to conform with the arguments used by me in other cases, the spinulation should have some definite function in relation to the habits of the sexes, and this function should involve some kind of external stimulation restricted to the mature male.

Hormones and Heredity J. T. Cunningham 1897

There is one point in which this sexual dimorphism in the Plaice appears to differ from typical cases, and which suggests that the greater spinulation of scales in the males has no function at all in the relations of the sexes, and is therefore not subject to and external stimulation.

Hormones and Heredity J. T. Cunningham 1897

The shortening and spinulation of the scales are greatest in _punctatus_, least in _norvegicus_.

Hormones and Heredity J. T. Cunningham 1897

It is possible that the case differs from other secondary sexual characters as the antlers of stags in one respect, namely, that the Dab (_P. limanda_), the Sole, and other species of _Solea. _ and several other Pleuronectidae have what are called etenoid scales -- that is, scales furnished with spines on the posterior edge -- and since the ordinary scales of the Plaice are reduced, the spinulation of scales in the mature male Plaice is not a new character but the retention of a primitive character.

Hormones and Heredity J. T. Cunningham 1897

(Plymouth, 1893-95.)] and consists in the spinulation of the posterior edges of the scales, especially on the upper side, in mature males.

Hormones and Heredity J. T. Cunningham 1897