Definitions
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. Any of a family of antioxidant proteins that are found in all mammalian cells
Etymologies
Sorry, no etymologies found.
Examples
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Selenium: A trace mineral that is a cofactor for production of active antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductase.
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GSSG inhibition was a problem with thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase which were needed to keep something in the reduced state.
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DUVR did not alter mRNA level of catalase, thioredoxin, glutathion peroxidase, or the transcription factor Nrf2 and its modulators Keap1 and Bach1.
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Little is known regarding the genomic structure of flatworm TGRs, the expression of TGR variants and whether the absence of conventional thioredoxin and glutathione systems is a signature of the entire platyhelminth phylum.
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In contrast to their mammalian hosts, platyhelminth (flatworm) parasites studied so far, lack conventional thioredoxin and glutathione systems.
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Our results indicate that thioredoxin and glutathione pathways differ in parasitic and free-living flatworms and that canonical enzymes were specifically lost in the parasitic lineage.
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Instead, they possess a linked thioredoxin-glutathione system with a selenocysteine-containing enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) as the single redox hub that controls the overall redox homeostasis.
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We examine platyhelminth genomes and transcriptomes and find that all platyhelminth parasites (from classes Cestoda and Trematoda) conform to a biochemical scenario involving, exclusively, a selenium-dependent linked thioredoxin-glutathione system having TGR as a central redox hub.
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In contrast, the free-living platyhelminth Schmidtea mediterranea (Class Turbellaria) possesses conventional and linked thioredoxin and glutathione systems.
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The thioredoxin and/or glutathione pathways occur in all organisms.
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