utilis

The dominant species include Lophira procera, Tarrietia utilis, Mapania spp.,

Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire 2008

The dominant conifers are Abies faxoniana, Picea asperata, P. wilsoni and purple-coned spruce P. purpurea (which is also being planted) with a sub-canopy of Betula albo-sinensisB. utilis, low Acer spp. and fountain bamboo Fargesia/Sinarundinaria nitida which suffered a major die-off after flowering in the 1970s and early 1980s, Fargesia denudata and F. chinensis.

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area, China 2009

Here cool slopes have Abies faxoniana with Betula utilis and a shrub layer totally dominated by Rhododendron species.

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area, China 2009

Between 2,300 m and 3,600 m, the forest is largely coniferous and subalpine in character, dominated by spruces Picea asperata, P. purpurea and P. wilsonii; firs, Abies recurvata and A. faxoniana; spruce Picea asperata, pine Pinus armandii, larch Larix potaninii and birches Betula platyphylla and B. utilis.

Huanglong National Scenic Area, China 2009

In broad terms, in the northern part of the ecoregion, the lowland rainforests correlate to the Brosimun utilis alliance, including communities dominated by the deciduous "cuipo" or "ceiba bonga" tree (Cavanillesia platanifolia), the "aspavé" or wild cashew (Anacardium excelsum), the "táparo" (Catilla elastica), the rubber tree (Castilla elastica), Brosimum guianense, Bombacopsis spp.,

Chocó-Darién moist forests 2007

The subalpine belt between 3,500 m and 3,900 m is drier, with, on north slopes, Abies faxoniana and Betula utilis above rhododendrons which grow up to the tree line, becoming dwarfed, and on south slopes, junipers with some Picea purpurea and larch as the forest gives way to mountain shrubs (Salix spp. and sedges) mixed with alpine meadows used as yak pastures.

Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area, China 2009

Patches of pure birch (Betula utilis) represent a pioneer stage that climaxes as a Betula-Abies mixed forest.

Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 2008

Forests are restricted largely to the Rishi Gorge and are dominated by West Himalayan fir Abies pindrow and Rhododendron campanulatum with Himalayan birch Betula utilis up to about 3,350 m.

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park, India 2008

Fir (Abies spectabilis) usually forms a continuous belt between 3,000 and 3,500 m on the southern side of the main ranges in central Nepal and can be mixed with Quercus semecarpifolia, Betula utilis, and a rhododendron understory.

Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 2008

Birch (Betula utilis) is probably the most common of these broadleaved subalpine associates.

Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 2008