van't

In his 1886 work van't Hoff showed that most dissolved chemical compounds give an osmotic pressure equal to the gas pressure they would have exerted in the absence of the solvent.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

Graham van't HoffCountry chair, Shell UK• Your special report on the government's green policies Coalition accused of a year of broken promises, 23 April is damning but fails to mention proposals for planning reform which could turn out to be the biggest threat to the environment we have seen for a long time.

Letters: Fracking in the energy mix 2011

This stereochemical concept rests on the original suggestion by van't Hoff of the tetrahedral arrangement of the four valences of the carbon atom (see Section 2), and most organic molecules exist in two or more stable conformations.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

This states that the entropy, a thermodynamic quantity, which is a measure of the disorder in the system, approaches zero as the temperature goes towards absolute zero. van't Hoff had derived the mass action equation in 1886, with the aid of the second law which says, that the entropy increases in all spontaneous processes

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

For the first prize in 1901 the Academy had to consider 20 nominations, but no less than 11 of these named van't Hoff, who was also chosen by the Committee for Chemistry. van't Hoff had already during his thesis work in Utrecht in 1874 published his suggestion that the carbon atom has its four valences directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron, a concept which is the very foundation of modern organic chemistry.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

The first Nobel Prize for Chemistry, that to van't Hoff, was in part for work in chemical thermodynamics, and many later contributions in this area have also been recognized with Nobel Prizes.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

His work offered support not only to Arrhenius 'theory of dissociation but also to van't Hoff's theory for osmotic pressure.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

Henricus van't Hoff, Svante Arrhenius and Wilhelm Ostwald, are generally regarded as the founders of a new branch of chemistry, physical chemistry.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

Important work in this area had been done already in the 1880s by two of the early Laureates, van't Hoff and Arrhenius, who showed that it is not enough for molecules to collide for a reaction to take place.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010

In 1886-1990 Arrhenius did work with Ostwald, first in Riga and then in Leipzig, and also with van't Hoff in Berlin.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry 2010