Definitions
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Etymologies
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Examples
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Understory includes palms such as Arenga obtusifolia and rotan Calamus sp.
Ujung Kulon National Park and Krakatau Nature Reserve, Indonesia 2009
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Vegetation of the Telanca Plateau and central lowlands is a more open secondary forest, dominated by palms, such as Arenga pinnata, Caryota mitis and Arenga obtusifolia, which may occur in almost pure stands interspersed with taller canopy trees, such as Lagerstroemia flosreginae, Diospyros macrophylla, Vitex pubescens, Ficus sp., and Planchonia valida.
Ujung Kulon National Park and Krakatau Nature Reserve, Indonesia 2009
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Also characteristic are a variety of palms including Arenga saccharifera, Caryota, and Calamus spp.
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The understory is dominated by two endemic species: the palm Arenga listeri and the tree-like Pandanus elatus.
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There is a rich understory in these habitats, with shrubs of Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, palms (Arenga pinnata and Pinanga cochinchinensis), arborescent ferns (Cibotium, Cyathea, and Oleandra), Pandanus, and Araliaceae.
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The forest which surrounded me was open and free from underwood, consisting of large trees, widely scattered with a great quantity of palm-trees (Arenga saccharifera), from which palm wine and sugar are made.
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Some of the villages a few miles inland are scattered about in woody ground which has once been virgin forest, but of which the constituent trees have been for the most part replaced by fruit trees, and particularly by the large palm, Arenga saccharifera, from which wine and sugar are made, and which also produces a coarse black fibre used for cordage.
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The principal of these is _Areca oleracea_, but other species, such as the coco-palm, the royal palm (_Oreodoxa regia_), _Arenga saccharifera_ and others yield similar edible leaf-buds.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary" Various
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The stem of those palms which develop a terminal inflorescence have ended their apical growth by doing so, and wither gradually, In addition to this (withering) in the case, e.g. of _Arenga saccharifera_, new inflorescences are developed from the original axils _ (Blattachseln) _ from above downward, so that one sees at last the already leafless trunk still developing inflorescences in the direction toward the base of the trunk.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882 Various
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Exhibition of 1851, among others, -- gomuti palm sugar (_Arenga saccharifera_) from Java; date palm sugar, from the Deccan; nipa sugar, from the stems of _Nipa fruticans_, and sugar from the fleshy flowers of _Bassia latifolia_, -- an East Indian tree.
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