Bernicia

• “Those whose names are followed by a B. or D. ruled only over Bernicia or Deira respectively.] _House of Bernicia_ _House of Deira_”

  A Student's History of England, v. 1 (of 3) From the earliest times to the Death of King Edward VII

• “His new kingdom was called Bernicia, and his principal fortress was on a rock by the sea at Bamborough.”

  A Student's History of England, v. 1 (of 3) From the earliest times to the Death of King Edward VII

• “Location: Unknown; however the territories of Bernicia and Dal Riada are a fair way apart see sketch map.”

  Early medieval armies: campaigning range

• “Northumbria had more or less united Bernicia and Deira by the time of these two battles and so had become quite a large territory, extending from at least Bamburgh in the north to at least the York area in the south, a distance of around 130 miles or so.”

  Early medieval armies: campaigning range

• “Bernicia and Dal Riada are separated by a similar distance.”

  Early medieval armies: campaigning range

• “Aethelferth of Bernicia, however, was nearly 200 miles from the heartland of his territory at Bebbanburgh modern Bamburgh.”

  Early medieval armies: campaigning range

• “That reminds me of Ida fortifying Bamburgh, which was presumably part of a foundation story about the origins of Bernicia, and would be consistent with your comment.”

  Birdoswald Roman Fort: dating the post-Roman use of the site

• “It was not on the east coast, since that area is accounted for by Bernicia and Deira, so that leaves a gap on the map in the area that is now north-west England and/or south-west Scotland, and it seems logical to place Rheged there.”

  The battle of Arfderydd or Arthuret

• “Its king, Urien, is remembered in Historia Brittonum as having almost destroyed the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia, at a date some time before Aethelric became king of Bernicia in 593.”

  The battle of Arfderydd or Arthuret

• “At the Battle of Degsastan in 603 Aethelferth of Bernicia defeated Aidan of Dal Riada, but ...”

  Early medieval armies: numbers

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