Cladonia

Lisa has identified the lichen as British Soldier Lichen, Cladonia cristatella.

Red In January « Fairegarden 2010

Similar experiments with three lichen species, '' Cladonia arbuscula '', '' Cetraria islandica '', and '' Stereocaulon paschale '', failed to show any response of fluorescence yield to enhanced CO2 concentration (1000 ppm), although there was an interaction between CO2 and UV-B radiation levels [105].

Phenotypic responses of arctic species to changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation 2009

Buffoni Hall et al. [123] demonstrated that in Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis an increase in phenolic substances is specifically induced by UV-B radiation, and that this increase leads to attenuation of the UV-B radiation penetrating into the thallus.

General characteristics of arctic species and their adaptations in the context of changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels 2009

UV-induced changes in pigment content and light penetration in the fruticose lichen Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis.

General characteristics of arctic species and their adaptations in the context of changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels 2009

Photorepair of radiation-damaged DNA in Cladonia requires not only light, but also high temperature and a hydrated thallus [125].

General characteristics of arctic species and their adaptations in the context of changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels 2009

The accumulation of the protective pigment parietin in Xanthoria parietina is induced specifically by UV-B radiation [124], while in Cladonia uncialis and Cladina rangiferina only UV-A radiation had a stimulating effect on the accumulation of usnic acid and atranorin, respectively.

General characteristics of arctic species and their adaptations in the context of changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels 2009

Water - and temperature-dependence of DNA damage and repair in the fruticose lichen Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis exposed to UV-B radiation.

General characteristics of arctic species and their adaptations in the context of changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels 2009

Pigmentation may be constitutive for particular species or appear as a plastic response to irradiance, for example, originally colorless Cladonia and Cladina lichens quickly develop dark-pigmented thalli after exposure to higher levels of solar radiation [122].

General characteristics of arctic species and their adaptations in the context of changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels 2009

The highest level is tundra dominated by cyperus Kobresia sibirica and peaty meadows of sedge Carex spp. with stone birch Betula ermanii on stony talus, and lichen Cladonia - or Cetraria-covered rocks and cliffs. 600 species of vascular plants have been recorded including 20 species of flowering plants.

Lake Baikal Basin, Russian Federation 2008

Ground cover consists of cowberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea (R), bilberry V. myrtillus and reindeer mosses Cladonia spp ..

Virgin Komi Forests, Russian Federation 2008