Cliftonia

The young branches, deprived of their pith, form good pipe-stems, see Cliftonia; and the bark, with copperas, yields a purple dye.

Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical, and Agricultural. Being also a Medical Botany of the Confederate States; with Practical Information on the Useful Properties of the Trees, Plants, and Shrubs 1863

Since the war the stems of the fig and titi (Cliftonia) have formed favorite materials for pipe-stems, perforated with a heated wire.

Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical, and Agricultural. Being also a Medical Botany of the Confederate States; with Practical Information on the Useful Properties of the Trees, Plants, and Shrubs 1863

The stem of the black walnut is easily perforated, and like the titi (Cliftonia) is much used for pipe-stems among the soldiers in camp.

Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical, and Agricultural. Being also a Medical Botany of the Confederate States; with Practical Information on the Useful Properties of the Trees, Plants, and Shrubs 1863