Definitions
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Etymologies
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Examples
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Dense forests of kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) once covered the more fertile river valleys where flood events periodically rejuvenated the soil.
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Dacrycarpus (Podocarpus) continues up from the lower montane.
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The conifers, which are generally found above 2,000 m, include Dacrycarpus, Podocarpus, Phyllocladus, and Papuacedrus in the canopy and emergent layer.
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An important peat community is found at the Kopuatai peat dome, and kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydiodes) swamp forest once occupied a large portion of Whangamarino swamp, before being overcome by flooding and peat growth.
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The lowland tropical rain forests are of a mixed-species composition, with the prevalent gymnosperms being Agathis lanceolata, A. ovata, Araucaria columnaris, A. bernieri, Dacrydium araucarioides, Dacrycarpus vieillardii, and Falcatifolium taxoides.
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Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Leptospermum flavescens are also abundant in these forests, which because of their smaller stature are called elfin forests.
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The montane forest in this ecoregion is dominated by Castanopsis in the lower elevations, but with altitude the vegetation changes to moss-draped, Antarctic beech (Nothofagus) forests, which sometimes occur as monotypic stands, and then into coniferous forests of Podocarpus, Dacrycarpus, Dacridium, and Papuacedrus.
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Dacrycarpus compactus and Papuacedrus papuas tend to be dominant species.
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The species-poor, high mountain forest includes conifers (Podocarpus, Dacrycarpus, Dacridium, Papuacedrus, Araucaria, and Libocedrus) and Myrtacae, with a thin canopy and prominent understory.
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Dacrycarpus (Podocarpus) continues up from the lower montane.
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