Greenland Sea

In contrast, in the late 1990s when the NAO index was high, the reverse occurred with deep convection in the Labrador Sea and minimal convection in the Greenland Sea.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

Deep-reaching convection in the Greenland Sea contributes to overflow waters but Hansen et al. [50] did not observe any NAO-like variations in their 50-year time series of Faroe Bank Channel overflow.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

Beginning in the Greenland Sea in 1968, significant quantities of freshwater were advected via Denmark Strait into the Subpolar Gyre.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

In the late 1960s when the NAO index was low, there was intense convection in the Greenland Sea and little convection in the Labrador Sea owing to reduced winds and freshwater accumulation at the surface.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

Variability of convective conditions in the Greenland Sea.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

Interannual variability in the depth of convection in the Greenland Sea [46] and Labrador Sea [47] depends upon wind, air temperature, upper layer salinity and temperature, and the pre-winter density structure.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009

In the central Greenland Sea, change in the temperature of water at the 2000 m depth is an indicator of varying deep-water formation [123].

Arctic climate variability in the twentieth century 2009

Interannual variability in water masses in the Greenland Sea and adjacent areas.

Arctic climate variability in the twentieth century 2009

The observation of a large temperature increase (0.25 ºC) in the central Greenland Sea in the 1990s is consistent with the weakening of the thermohaline circulation implied by decreasing deep-water flow toward the Arctic through the Faroe-Shetland Strait [124].

Arctic climate variability in the twentieth century 2009

Winter convective events and bottom water warming in the Greenland Sea.

Variability in hydrographic properties and currents in the Arctic 2009