Gymnadenia

Threatened and semi-endemic relict species present include Ranzania japonica, Hylotelephium tsugaruense, Cerastium arvense var. ovatum, Poa ogamontana, Padicularis nipponica and numerous orchids: Calanthe discolor, C. nipponica, Cypripedium yatabeanum, Gymnadenia fujisanensis, Orchis graminifolia and Tipularia japonica.

Shirakami-sanchi (Shirakami mountains), Japan 2009

These include Aconitum heterophyllum, A. falconeri, Arnebia benthamii, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Gymnadenia orchides, Megacarpaea polyandra, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Podophyllum haxandrum and Taxus wallichiana.

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park, India 2008

Their flora is very rich, with 718 species, 85 species being considered rare, including Epipogion aphyllum, Gymnadenia camtschatica, Oreorchis patens, Nuphar pumila, Carex laxa, and Lilium dauricum.

Volcanoes of Kamchatka, Russian Federation 2008

Fingers was given to them from the pale palmate roots of some of the species (O. latifolia, O. maculata, and Gymnadenia conopsea), and this seems to have been its more common name.

The plant-lore & garden-craft of Shakespeare Henry Nicholson Ellacombe 1868

In Gymnadenia tridentata, according to Asa Gray, the anther opens in the bud, and the pollen being somewhat coherent falls on the stigma and on the rostellum which latter is penetrated by the pollen-tubes.

More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Charles Darwin 1845

Asa Gray's observations on the rostellum of Gymnadenia are very imperfect, yet worth looking at.

More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Charles Darwin 1845

It is curious in Gymnadenia to trace the middle anterior bundle in the ovarium: when it comes to the orifice of the nectary it turns and runs right down it, then comes up the opposite side and runs to the apex of the labellum, whence each side of the nectary is supplied by vessels from the bundles, coming from the lower sepals.

More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Charles Darwin 1845

Certainly, if I may trust the vessels, the simple labellum of Gymnadenia consists of three organs soldered together.

More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Charles Darwin 1845

But here comes my only point of novelty: in all orchids as yet looked at (even one with so simple a labellum as Gymnadenia and Malaxis) the vessels on the two sides of the labellum are derived from the bundle which goes to the lower sepal, as in the diagram.

More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Charles Darwin 1845

Read Asa Gray in 2nd Review of my Orchis book on pollen of Gymnadenia penetrating rostellum.

More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 Charles Darwin 1845