Parmelia

• “Species of Parmelia and Usnea and the orange lichen Teloschistes capensis are common.”

  Kaokoveld desert

• “Inland from this strip of vegetation are vast gravel plains that are largely devoid of vegetation except for fields of colorful lichens, including the species Teloschistes flavicans, Parmelia convoluta, and Usnea spp.”

  Namib desert

• “Examples of these are Xanthomaculina convoluta and Parmelia hueana.”

  Namib desert

• “The next Parmelia-pickin 'excursion is scheduled for Wednesday.”

  grouse Diary Entry

• “-- _A_, a common lichen (_Parmelia_), of the natural size. _ap. _ spore fruit.”

  Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses

• “Among the commonest of plants are the lichens of the genus _Parmelia_ (Fig.  44, _A_), growing everywhere on tree trunks, wooden fences, etc., forming gray, flattened expansions, with much indented and curled margins.”

  Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses

• “Of the first, the long gray _Usnea_ (Fig.  45, _A_, _B_), which drapes the branches of trees in swamps, is a familiar example; of the second, _Parmelia_, _Sticta_ (Fig.  45, _C_) and _Peltigera_”

  Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses

• “So lately as 1841 (and I presume the practice continues to the present day), Mr. Edmonston stated that, of four or five native dyes, used by the Shetlanders to color cloth and yarns, two at least were furnished by lichens, viz., a _brown dye_ from _Parmelia saxatilis_, under the name of "Scrottyie," and a _red_ one from”

  The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, on the Cultivation, Preparation for Shipment, and Commercial Value, &c. of the Various Substances Obtained From Trees and Plants, Entering into the Husbandry of Tropical and Sub-tropical Regions, &c.

• “_Umbilicaria vellea_, _U. pustulata_, _Parmelia perlata_.”

  Vegetable Dyes Being a Book of Recipes and Other Information Useful to the Dyer

• “The _Parmelia saxatilis_ and _Parmelia omphalodes_, are largely used in the Highlands and West Ireland, for dyeing brown of all shades.”

  Vegetable Dyes Being a Book of Recipes and Other Information Useful to the Dyer

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