Ruggedness

But though retreating to higher, rougher ground probably improved African fortunes in the past, it may be creating a less prosperous present — because Africans tend to be concentrated in rugged areas even now, the authors note, rather than in economically more-promising territory. — “Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa,” [PDF] Nathan Nunn (University of British Columbia) and Diego Puga (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)

Primary Sources 2008

But though retreating to higher, rougher ground probably improved African fortunes in the past, it may be creating a less prosperous present — because Africans tend to be concentrated in rugged areas even now, the authors note, rather than in economically more-promising territory. — “Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa,” [PDF] Nathan Nunn (University of British Columbia) and Diego Puga (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)

Primary Sources 2008

But though retreating to higher, rougher ground probably improved African fortunes in the past, it may be creating a less prosperous present — because Africans tend to be concentrated in rugged areas even now, the authors note, rather than in economically more-promising territory. — “Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa,” [PDF] Nathan Nunn (University of British Columbia) and Diego Puga (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)

Primary Sources 2008

But though retreating to higher, rougher ground probably improved African fortunes in the past, it may be creating a less prosperous present — because Africans tend to be concentrated in rugged areas even now, the authors note, rather than in economically more-promising territory. — “Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa,” [PDF] Nathan Nunn (University of British Columbia) and Diego Puga (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)

Primary Sources 2008

Ruggedness increases toward the southwest and local relief can be as much as 590 feet (180 m) adjacent to the incised Susquehanna River.

Ecoregions of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia (EPA) 2008

My basic sources on so-called smart guns were: “The False Hope of the Smart Gun,” a special 1998 fact sheet from the Violence Policy Center; “Smart Guns on the Way But Critics Question Technology and Ruggedness,” on the Internet APB News of November 17, 1998, with correspondent J. T. Brady; “Aiming for the Smart Gun,” on the BBC News of March 6, 2001.

Outgunned PETER HARRY BROWN DANIEL G. ABEL 2003

My basic sources on so-called smart guns were: “The False Hope of the Smart Gun,” a special 1998 fact sheet from the Violence Policy Center; “Smart Guns on the Way But Critics Question Technology and Ruggedness,” on the Internet APB News of November 17, 1998, with correspondent J. T. Brady; “Aiming for the Smart Gun,” on the BBC News of March 6, 2001.

Outgunned PETER HARRY BROWN DANIEL G. ABEL 2003

My basic sources on so-called smart guns were: “The False Hope of the Smart Gun,” a special 1998 fact sheet from the Violence Policy Center; “Smart Guns on the Way But Critics Question Technology and Ruggedness,” on the Internet APB News of November 17, 1998, with correspondent J. T. Brady; “Aiming for the Smart Gun,” on the BBC News of March 6, 2001.

Outgunned PETER HARRY BROWN DANIEL G. ABEL 2003

These 2 faults, Hight and internal Ruggedness, the Deacon thinks have wasted him almost a Cord of Wood a Day.

John Adams diary 5, 26 May - 25 November 1760 1961

Ruggedness is a form of beauty, but it is a beauty that is quite different from the commonly accepted grounds.

Gilbert Keith Chesterton Patrick Braybrooke