Zygnema

Environmental effects from the clam beds include heavy growths of green algae called Zygnema near the clam beds.

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Of these may be mentioned _Zygnema_ (Fig.  19, _A_), with two star-shaped chloroplasts in each cell, and _Mesocarpus_ (Fig.  19, _B_, _D_), in which the single chloroplast has the form of a thin median plate.

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Between 84 degrees and 112 degrees there is an imperfect _Zygnema_ with very long articulations, and where the green scum passes into brown, there is sometimes an _Oscillatoria, _ of a very minute stellate _Scytonema, _ probably in an imperfect state.

Himalayan Journals — Complete 1864

One very interesting form, however, either belonging to the genus _Zygnema, _ or possibly constituting a distinct genus, occurs in streams at 5000 feet in Sikkim, consisting of highly gelatinous threads of the normal structure of the _Zygnema, _ but forming a reticulated mass.

Himalayan Journals — Complete 1864

In Silhet, again, is a magnificent _Zygnema, _ allied to _Z. nitidum, _ with large oval spores, about 1/285 part of an inch long, and a dark golden brown colour, and containing a spiral green endochrome.

Himalayan Journals — Complete 1864

The principal feature in the Algology is the great prevalence of species of _Zygnema_ and

Himalayan Journals — Complete 1864

At 13,000 feet occurs either some simple _Conferva_ or _Zygnema, _ it is doubtful which from the condition of the specimens; and at the same elevation, in the nearly dry bed of the stream which flows from the larger lake at Momay, amongst flat cakes, consisting of felspathic silt from the glaciers above, and the debris of Algae, and abounding in Diatomaceae, some threads of a _Zygnema.

Himalayan Journals — Complete 1864

Zygnema often asexually produce akinetes, spore-like bodies that have very thick cell walls that enable them to survive harsh conditions.

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Zygnema species is primarily dependent upon environmental conditions.

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Zygnema generally reproduce vegetatively by fragmenting to create new strands.

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