eukaryotes

• “Symbiogenesis – the appearance of new behaviors, tissues, organs, organ systems, physiologies or species as a result of symbiont interaction – is the major source of evolutionary novelty in eukaryotes: animals, plants and fungi.”

  Behe and Gene discuss the Evolution of the Flagellum

• “Are you disputing that mutation rates in eukaryotes are or = 10E-9?”

  Behe Responds

• “In any event, the probability that two or three origins of multicellularity simply arose by chance within eukaryotes as opposed to prokaryotes is somewhere on the order of 1/4 to 1/2, well below the general standards of statistical validity.”

  Another predictable argument against front-loading

• “They draw on Hartman's and Federov's work on eukaryotic signature proteins (ESPs) – that is, proteins that are widespread in eukaryotes but with no homologs in prokaryotes.”

  Amoeba supports front-loading

• “That bacteria are reduced eukaryotes is one message you can take away from it.”

  Amoeba supports front-loading

• “Starting from the beginning, the view of bacteria as reduced eukaryotes is easily compatible with front-loading seen in isolation, but I'm wary of it for other reasons.”

  Amoeba supports front-loading

• “The existence of obligate bacterial endosymbionts in some present eukaryotes is often presented as a substitute for a mechanism, but they remain bacteria and give not rise to new organelles.”

  A critique on the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria

• “For example, there are those who think the whole idea of horizontal gene transfer to multicelular eukaryotes is unproven.”

  Confirmation Bias and ID

• “Regulation of translation by antisense RNA also occurs in eukaryotes as was first demonstrated in 1993 when genes governing the development of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans were studied5,6.”

  Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

• “Note that in eukaryotes, to which both flies, mice, and sea urchins belong, genes are initially off and need tool kit proteins to turn them on, whereas in bacteria, genes are initially on and need repressors to be turned off.”

  Carroll and the ancient genetic tool kit

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