glucuronide

If the urine is acidic, the weak acids (such as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates) are less ionized and undergo reabsorption with renal excretion reduced.

Excretion of toxicants 2007

"Excretion of bisphenol A-glucuronide into the small intestine and deconjugation in the cecum of the rat."

Sarah Janssen: BPA Ban in California Passes, Despite Industry Spin 2010

The primary Phase II reactions are: glucuronide conjugation - most important reaction sulfate conjugation - important reaction acetylation amino acid conjugation glutathione conjugation methylation

Biotransformation 2008

The glucuronide conjugation of aniline is illustrated below:

Biotransformation 2008

With 7-10 times the recommended therapeutic level, the sulphate and glucuronide conjugation pathways become saturated and more of the toxic metabolite is formed.

Biotransformation 2008

At normal doses, approximately 96% of acetaminophen is biotransformed to non-toxic metabolites by sulfate and glucuronide conjugation.

Biotransformation 2008

The glucuronide conjugates are generally quite hydrophilic and are excreted by the kidney or bile, depending on the size of the conjugate.

Biotransformation 2008

However, enzymes in the intestinal flora are capable of hydrolyzing some glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, which can release the less-polar compounds that may then be reabsorbed.

Excretion of toxicants 2007

The preparation using human liver microsomes converted BPA to the glucuronide metabolite at a significantly lower rate than did the rat microsomes.

Hippie swag bottles pose significant health risk | Jewschool 2007

In contrast, lorazepam and oxazepam are excreted unconjugated, or as the glucuronide, and have a half-life of 12 to 18 hours.

The Neuropsychiatric Guide to Modern Everyday Psychiatry Michael Alan Taylor 1993