messmen

The other part of the routine was that the President's Navy messmen laid out coffee and croissants (with butter) in which both men indulged to the detriment of their cholesterol numbers.

The Bear and the Dragon Clancy, Tom, 1947- 2000

Combining the messmen and commissary specialists would of course create an integrated branch, which Granger estimated would be only 20 percent black, and would probably provide additional opportunities for promotions, but in the end it could not mask the fact that a high proportion of black sailors were employed in food service and valet positions.

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

At first Negroes were restricted to service as messmen, but political pressure forced the Navy to open general service billets to them.

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

Thus the controversy over messmen, in which tradition, prejudice, and necessity contended, went on, and the Steward's Branch, a symbol of discrimination in the Navy, remained to trouble both the service and the civil rights groups for some time.

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

Division of Plans and Policies called for more defense battalions, a branch for messmen, and the assignment of large black units to local bases to serve as chauffeurs, messengers, clerks, and janitors.

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

If they are not satisfied to be messmen, they will not be satisfied to go into the construction or labor battalions.

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

In an effort to standardize the training of messmen, the Bureau of Naval Personnel established a stewards school in the spring of 1943 at Norfolk and later one at Bainbridge,

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

The substantial drop in black strength resulting from these changes combined with a corresponding rise in the number of contract messmen from the western Pacific region reduced for the first time in some thirty years Negroes in the Steward's Branch to a minority.

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

Use of Negroes in general service had created a shortage of messmen, and in August 1944 the Bureau of Naval Personnel authorized commanders to recruit among black seamen for men to transfer to the

Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 Morris J. MacGregor

The Navy; for its part, assigned blacks to labor units after being ordered to expand their role beyond that of messmen.

Naomi Craig RA: Minorities and Women ITY Brown University 1941