serotinous

• “Although in the past fire was sometimes an immediate enemy to specific stands of lodgepole, fire also opened the serotinous cones and prepared a nutrient-rich seedbed for the next generation.”

  Simon & Schuster: Bird Cloud

• “I learned that the lodgepole makes two kinds of cones—serotinous and nonserotinous.”

  Simon & Schuster: Bird Cloud

• “Older trees, or trees in a region with a history of fire, produce mostly serotinous cones which squirrels ignore as too difficult, and which open only at higher temperatures from 113° to 140°F.”

  Simon & Schuster: Bird Cloud

• “Many boreal trees and other plants show adaptations to fire such as seed dormancy until fire, serotinous cones, fire-resistant bark, and sprouting habit.”

  Arctic boreal forest environments

• “Lodgepoles also have special serotinous cones that are coated with a hard waxy substance.”

  Fire ecology fact sheet

• “Evidence suggests that severe, frequent fires have selected for a distinct genotype of pitch pine, with reduced apical dominance of trees and highly serotinous cones.”

  Atlantic coastal pine barrens

• “Cones from 5 to 8 cm. long, reflexed, ovate-conic, symmetrical, persistent, often serotinous; apophyses lustrous nut-brown, elevated along a transverse keel, the umbo forming a triangular persistent spine.”

  The Genus Pinus

• “I have assumed the cone to be dehiscent at maturity and have placed it with the Lariciones, but if further information shows the cone to be serotinous, this species should be transferred to the serotinous group.”

  The Genus Pinus

• “A form new among Coniferae appears, the oblique cone, and a new condition, the serotinous cone, both appearing at first alone and, finally, in constant association.”

  The Genus Pinus

• “By its close resemblance it may be considered the serotinous form of P. virginiana.”

  The Genus Pinus

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