shogunal

“But this description both inflates shogunal authority and obscures the cleverness of the Hideyoshi-Tokugawa settlement.”

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“In 1609 one daimyo invaded the kingdom of the Ryukyus with shogunal consent, appending it to the Japanese empire.”

How Taiwan Became Chinese

“That same year another daimyo, also with shogunal consent, led an expedition to Taiwan to explore the possibilities of setting up a trading center there, although nothing came of the attempt. 43 In 1616, a Japanese merchant-adventurer named Murayama Toan (村山東庵) sent thirteen junks to conquer Taiwan. 44 They were ambushed in a creek by headhunters and decided to give up on Taiwan and instead pillage the Chinese coast.”

How Taiwan Became Chinese

“Even more luck for them was the shogunal edict of 1635 that forbade Japanese subjects to travel abroad.”

How Taiwan Became Chinese

“Nihon shoki was advanced by Arai Hakuseki (1657-1725), a shogunal advisor, who rejected the metaphysical readings of these works and argued that they should be read as histories of human events.”

The Kokugaku (Native Studies) School

“Young leaders, such as Saig Takamori (1827–77) and kubo Toshimichi (1830–78) of Satsuma, plotted to undermine the shogunal authorities.”

1867

“A sign of economic problems to come, the bakufu (shogunal government) devalued the currency on 19 separate occasions, but did not adequately contain the growing state deficit.”

3. Japan, 1793-1914

“These last, who were descended from the Taira, dared not assume the shogunal dignity, but they succeeded under the title of Shukken (regents) in retaining the power for a century which was the most prosperous in the history of Japan.”

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 8: Infamy-Lapparent

“During the whole of the thirteenth century, and for some time afterwards, the Hojo continued to govern the country; and it is noteworthy that these regents never assumed the title of shogun, but professed to be merely shogunal deputies.”

Japan: an Attempt at Interpretation