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Cucumber MADS box gene 1 (CUM1) induced severe homeotic transformations of sepals into carpelloid structures and petals into stamens, which is similar to ectopic AG expression in Arabidopsis plants.— CiteULike: Everyone's library
Supposing this view to be correct, the inner calyx-like whorl might be considered either as a repetition of the calycine whorl, or it might be inferred that the corolla was present in the guise of a second calyx Moquin-Tandon suggests another explanation--namely, that though the stamens are absent in these curious flowers, at least in their ordinary shape, they are represented by the lower row of carpels, which become, in process of development, fused with the upper or true carpels.— Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants
Similar changes have not unfrequently been met with in Dictamnus Fraxinella M. Germain de Saint Pierre has also recorded the following deviations in the flowers of Rumex arifolius and R. scutatus_; in these specimens the calyx was normal, the petals large, foliaceous, shaped like the stem-leaves, the stamens were absent, the three carpels fused into a triangular leafy pod, as long again as the perianth, the stigmas normal or wanting, the ovule represented by a thick funicle, terminated by a foliaceous appendage analogous to the primine.— Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants
Nevertheless, no decided opinion can be pronounced by those who have not had the opportunity of examining the flowers in question Alphonse de Candolle[446] figures a flower of Maxillaria in exactly the same condition, so far as the stamens are concerned, as in the Ophrys flowers just mentioned.— Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants
This arrangement of the colour was thus precisely similar to that which occurred in the four-winged leaves already referred to at p. 446. In some flowers of Datura fastuosa a similar series of excrescences was observed; the calyx and the corolla were normal within the latter, intervening between it and the stamens was a second corolla produced by duplication, and adherent to the inner surface of this latter were five stamens.— Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants

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