sultans

Government Type: Constitutional monarchy with a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans) except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution

Malaysia 2009

By the mid-10th century, the caliphate imperial structure was replaced by a new style of state based on commanders called sultans (See Overview), who initially gained titles and legitimacy by supporting the then-powerless caliphs.

III. The Postclassical Period, 500-1500 2001

Though they are still under the nominal rule of their own rajahs -- now known as sultans -- each has a British adviser attached to his court, the

Where the Strange Trails Go Down Sulu, Borneo, Celebes, Bali, Java, Sumatra, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Cambodia, Annam, Cochin-China 1918

The Turkish tribes have never taken an active share in the conduct of the affairs of society, but they accomplished stupendous enterprises as long as the victories of the sultans were the triumphs of the Mohammedan faith.

American Institutions and Their Influence Alexis de Tocqueville 1832

The titles and epithets assumed by the sultans are the most extravagantly absurd that it is possible to imagine.

The History of Sumatra Containing An Account Of The Government, Laws, Customs And Manners Of The Native Inhabitants William Marsden 1795

The hotel will be a five-minute walk from the Dolmabahce Palace, the former center of the Ottoman Empire and home to six sultans, which is now a national heritage museum.

ETravelBlackboard.com 2010

Nostalgia for the 1453 conquest of Constantinople and other early triumphs was fine - but the excesses of the sultans were the stuff of decay, no model for modern Turkey.

arabnews - frontpage 2010

The hotel will be a five-minute walk from the Dolmabahce Palace, the former center of the Ottoman Empire and home to six sultans, which is now a national heritage museum.

ETravelBlackboard.com 2010

At night, as we had no local "sultans" to torment us, eight more men of sultan

The Discovery of the Source of the Nile John Hanning Speke 1845

Nine of these states have hereditary rulers, generally titled "sultans," while the remaining four have appointed governors in counterpart positions.

unknown title 2009