tiers-etat

[183] This privilege rendered the financial and judicial offices hereditary, on the payment of an annual tax of one-tenth of the sum at which they had been originally purchased; and the nobility were jealous of this hereditary tenure of the most lucrative civil appointments under the Crown, all of which were thus, as a natural consequence, engrossed by the tiers-etat.

The Life of Marie de Medicis Pardoe, Julia 1890

Lieutenant-General of Burgundy, and provisional governor of the province during the absence of the Duc d'Aumale, then Governor of Paris; and in the same year he was deputed from the tiers-etat of Burgundy to the States-General, convoked at Blois by Henri III.

The Life of Marie de Medicis Pardoe, Julia 1890

The clergy demanded the publication of the decrees of the Council of Trent, and their unrestricted admission throughout the kingdom; the nobility asked that the privilege of the paulette should be abolished; [183] and the tiers-etat [184] solicited either the suppression or diminution of the pensions by which the public treasury was involved in debt.

The Life of Marie de Medicis Pardoe, Julia 1890

That philosophy paid much attention to the tiers-etat, which was then acquiring in France great political importance, and Catherine thought that as she had created a Noblesse on the French model, she might also create a bourgeoisie.

Russia Donald Mackenzie Wallace 1880

In this way is being formed the nucleus of that wealthy, enlightened bourgeoisie which Catherine endeavoured to create by legislation; but many years must elapse before this class acquires sufficient social and political significance to deserve the title of a tiers-etat.

Russia Donald Mackenzie Wallace 1880

The efforts of the Government to create a rich, intelligent tiers-etat were not attended with much success.

Russia Donald Mackenzie Wallace 1880

She wished, as we have seen, to have in her Empire a Noblesse and tiers-etat like those which existed in France, and for this purpose she granted, first to the

Russia Donald Mackenzie Wallace 1880

The aristocracy, ever blind to their true interest, refused to comply, and, by so doing, compelled the king to have recourse to the tiers-etat.

Germany from the Earliest Period Volume 4 Wolfgang Menzel 1835

Voltaire's unsparing ridicule of objects hitherto held sacred, found ample food in the policy pursued by the government, and ridicule became the weapon with which the tiers-etat revenged the tyranny of the higher classes.

Germany from the Earliest Period Volume 4 Wolfgang Menzel 1835

In France, where the ideas of modern philosophy emanated from the court, they spread more rapidly than in any other country among the tiers-etat, and the spirit of research, of improvement, of ridicule of all that was old, naturally led the people to inquire into the administration, to discover and to ridicule its errors.

Germany from the Earliest Period Volume 4 Wolfgang Menzel 1835