tughra

“Known as a "tughra," the calligraphic symbol was used to identify the ruler on official documents, correspondence and coins.”

The Wall Street Journal: The Year's Best Arts Adventure

“Museum of Islamic Art Henry VIII's subjects may have recognized him by his portraits, but Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent was known in the 16th century for his tughra, a decorative signature, shown on this decree, dated 1559.”

The Wall Street Journal: The Museum of Islamic Art: Treasure in the Desert

“The Count lost no time in sending for the stranger, who presented him a package sealed and enveloped in oriental style, only on the upper side there was a _tughra_, or imperial seal, which he at once recognized as Mahommed's.”

The Prince of India — Volume 02

“The nishanghi or tughrakesh is the only scribe trained to write tughra.”

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