tusi

The post of tusi was hereditary but the Yuan classified the order of succession.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Note 90: Gong Yin, Zhongguo Tusi Zhidu (The native chieftain system in China) (Kunming: Minzu Chubanshe, 1992), 460-461; for tusi in the Ming, also see Jiang Yingliang, Mingdai Yunnan Jingnei de Tuguan yu Tusi (Native chieftains in Yunnan of the Ming Period) (Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe, 1958). back

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Civilian native chieftains (tuguan) were supervised by the Ministry of Personnel while military native chieftains (tusi) were overseen by the Ministry of War. 89 Military native chieftainship included xuanweisi, xuanfusi, anfusi, zhaotaosi, tu zhangguan (native commander), and native (tu) military titles of all kinds in the Wei-Suo system.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

To handle the so-called Southwestern Barbarians, Chinese states borrowed, created, adopted, and developed a special kind of administrative system, that is, the native chieftain system (tusi zhidu).

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Xu Duo in the end of the eighteenth century described in Lin'an thus: "Abo [the native people] of three thousand are all farmers, and tusi [native chieftains] of twelve are all well dressed" (Abo sanqian jie jiase, Tusi shier jin yiguan).

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

Note 44: For the above measures, see Yuan Shi, juan 125, in YNSLCK 2: 556-557; for the tusi system, Gong Yin in his review article has listed Chinese sources and works; see Gong Yin 2002, "20 Shiji Zhonguo Tusi Zhidu Yanjiu de Lilun yu Fangfa" (Theories and approaches in studies of the Chinese native chieftain system in the twentieth century), Sixiang Zhanxian 28, no.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

The major issue here is the evolution of the native chieftain system (tusi zhidu) that resulted from interactions between the encroaching central states and local power.

Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) 2008

The needs, difficulties and opportunities confronting the development of Pacific Island language resources are discussed in Robert Holding's 'O tusi i le gagana Samoa' (1991 Churchill Report).

Book & Print in New Zealand: A Guide to Print Culture in New Zealand Penny Griffith 1885

Holding, Robert 1991, O tusi i le gagana Samoa: the needs, problems and opportunities confronting the development of quality Samoan language books, Winston Churchill Fellowship report.

Book & Print in New Zealand: A Guide to Print Culture in New Zealand Penny Griffith 1885

Thou can'st drink, and give some to a poor old man, and if prying eyes and babbling tongues make mischief, and the missionary sends thee a _tusi_ (letter), and says 'This drinking of grog by Pâkia is wrong,' thou sendest him a letter, saying, 'True, O teacher of the Gospel.

Pâkia 1901 Louis Becke 1884