Definitions

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

  • adjective Of or relating to longitude or length.
  • adjective Concerned with the development of persons or groups over time.
  • adjective Placed or running lengthwise.

from The Century Dictionary.

  • noun In iron ship-building, one of the fore-and-aft members in the framing of a cellular double bottom, consisting of a plate, an inner angle-bar by which it is connected to the inner bottom, and an outer angle-bar by which it is connected to the outside plating. In warships, the plate and inner bar are usually continuous; in merchant vessels the plate and both bars are more frequently worked inter-costally between the frames. Also called longitudinal frame. See cuts under double bottom.
  • Of or pertaining to longitude or length; relating to or consisting in length: as, longitudinal distance.
  • In the direction of the length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse or across: as, the longitudinal diameter of a body.
  • In botany, in the direction of growth.
  • In zoology, extended in the long axis of the body, as any articulate animal; articulated.

from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English.

  • noun A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail.
  • adjective Of or pertaining to longitude or length.
  • adjective Extending in length; in the direction of the length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

  • adjective Relating to length, or to longitude.
  • adjective Running in the direction of the long axis of a body.
  • adjective Forward and/or backward, relative to some defined direction.
  • adjective of a study Sampling data over time rather than merely once.
  • noun Any longitudinal piece, as in shipbuilding etc.

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

  • adjective of or relating to lines of longitude
  • adjective running lengthwise
  • adjective over an extended time

Etymologies

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Examples

  • "In any long-term longitudinal survey of budgetary costs, I think it would be imprudent and misleading not to adjust for the effects of inflation," says Stephen I. Schwartz, editor of the journal Nonproliferation Review and director of a 1998 study by the left-leaning Brookings Institution on long-range nuclear-weapons spending in the U.S.

    As Shuttle Sails Through Space, Costs Are Tough to Pin Down Carl Bialik 2011

  • However, long-term longitudinal studies seem to reveal…

    Certain Girls Jennifer Weiner 2008

  • However, long-term longitudinal studies seem to reveal…

    Certain Girls Jennifer Weiner 2008

  • However, long-term longitudinal studies seem to reveal…

    Certain Girls Jennifer Weiner 2008

  • Long-term longitudinal studies would be needed to assess the validity of either perspective.

    Born to Believe Andrew Newberg 2006

  • Long-term longitudinal studies would be needed to assess the validity of either perspective.

    Born to Believe Andrew Newberg 2006

  • This kind of vibration is called a longitudinal vibration.

    Euclid’s Window Leonard Mlodinow 2001

  • This kind of vibration is called a longitudinal vibration.

    Euclid’s Window Leonard Mlodinow 2001

  • This kind of vibration is called a longitudinal vibration.

    Euclid’s Window Leonard Mlodinow 2001

  • Following the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989, "We didn't do the long-term longitudinal follow up that now we all wish we had data on," says Donald Williamson, state health officer for Alabama.

    Scientific American 2010

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