Definitions
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A genus of evergreen trees, natural order Rubiaceæ, natives of the Andes from the United States of Colombia to Bolivia, growing chiefly on the eastern slopes at an average altitude of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. They are the source of Peruvian or cinchona bark and of quinine. There are about 40 species, but the cinchona barks of commerce are produced by about a dozen. The barks used in pharmacy are chiefly of three kinds: loxa, crown, or pale cinchona bark, the ordinary Peruvian bark, afforded by C. officinalis; calisaya or yellow cinchona bark, from
C. Calisaya ; and red cinchona bark, fromC. succirubra . Several other barks are used exclusively in the manufacture of quinine, as the Colombian or Cartagena bark, fromC. lancifolia and C. cordifolia; Pitayo bark, fromC. Pitayensis ; gray, Lima, or Huanuco bark, fromC. Peruviana and other species; and Cusco bark, fromC. pubescens . The British and Dutch governments have done much to promote the cultivation of the more important species, and extensive plantations have been successfully established in the Himalayas and in Ceylon, Java, and Jamaica. Cinchona bark is most valuable as a remedy in fevers and as a general tonic; but the alkaloids obtainable from the bark have in practice largely taken the place of the bark itself. Of these the most abundant and the one in most common use is quinine. Others equally valuable are quinadin, cinchonine, and cinchonidine. The amount of alkaloids yielded by the bark is very variable, from a very small percentage to as much as 12 per cent., of which from one third to three fourths is quinine. - n. [lowercase] The medicinal bark of the species of Cinchona.
Wiktionary
- n. A taxonomic genus within the tribe Cinchoneae — the cinchona trees.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. (Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
- n. (Med.) The bark of any species of Cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
WordNet 3.0
- n. any of several trees of the genus Cinchona
- n. medicinal bark of cinchona trees; source of quinine and quinidine
Examples
“He had chosen the name Cinchona, and the healers’ guild, after asking a few questions to which he apparently gave satisfactory answers, had welcomed him, particularly since one of their own had a daughter who needed a husband.”
“In her honor, the Spanish renamed the Peruvian tree the "Cinchona" tree.”
“In “A treatise on Materia Medica” by Dr. William Cullen, it was mentioned that the drug Cinchona was used to cure Malaria, but that it (Cinchona) would also cause the symptoms similar to Malaria if the drug were taken in overdose.”
“Cinchona bark had long been used by indigenous people as a remedy for fevers, and at the end of the seventeenth century, a British physician, in one of the earliest controlled studies of a drug, proved that its effect was unique to what was then known as tertian fever.”
“Hahnemann began experimenting on himself with medicinals and observed that when he took a dose (doses in homeopathy are substances that are diluted to infinitesimal amounts, sometimes so small that nothing can be seen even with a microscope) of Peruvian bark (Cinchona officinalis), which is the essence of quinine, he generated a set of symptoms in his own body that reminded him of malaria.”
“Most of these lands being unusable, after converting them into fertile lands, we can use them for agriculture. 26,000 acres of land are being use for Cinchona cultivation.”
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“I am told by the Trader from whom I procured Jesuit Bark that the Indians use a Plant called Gallberry, which rivals the Bark of Cinchona for bitterness and is thought capital for Use in tertian and quartan Fevers.”
“Here was a small clearing, with abundance of tree-ferns and some young plantations of Cinchona.”
“On seeing the leaves, I stated that it was not the ‘Cinchona longifolia’ from which it is supposed the quinine of commerce is extracted, but the name and properties of this bark made me imagine that it was a cinchonaceous tree.”
““Cinchona was right about more than that,” a voice said behind them.”
Lists
These user-created lists contain the word ‘Cinchona’.
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Old Pharmacy, etc.
This is not an Aubrey/Maturin list.
This is not an Aubrey/Maturin list.
This is not an Aubrey/Maturin list.
There. I think I've convinced myself.
(Of course...asafetida, Cinchona, Peruvian bark, Jesuit's bark, mithridate, aqua, bark, lard, electuary, gentian, diatessaron, myrrh and 110 more...
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