downthrow

• “For the sake of the illustration, the displacement is here shown as very slight; but, in some cases, these elevations and depressions of the strata extend to many hundreds of feet -- as, for instance, at the mines of the British Iron Company, at Cefn-Mawre, in North Wales, where the downthrow of the fault is 360 feet.”

  Farm drainage The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with Tiles

• “This is termed the upthrow of the fault, as at B; and the downthrow, as at A.”

  Farm drainage The Principles, Processes, and Effects of Draining Land with Stones, Wood, Plows, and Open Ditches, and Especially with Tiles

• “Professor Ramsay has published an account of a downthrow in Anglesea of 2,300 feet; and he informs me that he fully believes that there is one in Merionethshire of 12,000 feet; yet in these cases there is nothing on the surface of the land to show such prodigious movements; the pile of rocks on either side of the crack having been smoothly swept away.”

  X. On the Imperfection of the Geological Record. On the Lapse of Time, as Inferred from the Rate of Deposition and Extent of Denudation

• “A normal fault with a hade of 50 degrees, the original fault scarp worn away, showing cliffs caused by harder strata on the downthrow side.”

  The Elements of Geology

• “After the upthrown block has been worn down to this level, differential erosion produces fault scarps wherever weak rocks and resistant rocks are brought in contact along the fault plane; and the harder rocks, whether on the upthrow or the downthrow side, emerge in a line of cliffs.”

  The Elements of Geology

• “A fault of recent date may be marked at surface by a scarp, because the face of the upthrown block has not yet been worn to the level of the downthrow side.”

  The Elements of Geology

• “Normal faults, of which Figure 184 is an example, hade to the downthrow; the hanging wall has gone down.”

  The Elements of Geology

• “A thrust fault with a hade of 30 degrees, showing cliffs due to harder strata outcropping on the downthrow.”

  The Elements of Geology

• “The escarpments, however, are due in a large degree to the erosion of weaker rock on the downthrow side.”

  The Elements of Geology

• “In Figure 184 the right side has gone down relatively to the left; the right is the side of the downthrow, while the left is the side of the upthrow.”

  The Elements of Geology

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